INDIAN HIGH COURT ACT 1861, explain this in elaborate

The Indian High Court Act of 1861 was a significant piece of legislation passed by the British colonial government in India. This act established the high courts in India, which were intended to serve as the highest judicial authority in each of the major presidencies of British India. The act also laid down the jurisdiction, powers, and procedures for these high courts. One important aspect of the Indian High Court Act of 1861 was the appointment of judges to these high courts. The act specified that the judges were to be appointed by the Crown, and they were required to have a certain level of legal qualifications and experience. This ensured that the high courts were staffed by competent and impartial judges. Another key provision of the act was the jurisdiction of the high courts. They were granted both original and appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters, which meant that they could hear cases at the first instance as well as on appeal from lower courts. This helped ensure that justice was administered fairly and efficiently throughout British India. An example of the impact of the Indian High Court Act of 1861 is the establishment of the Calcutta High Court, which was one of the first high courts to be set up under this act. The Calcutta High Court has played a crucial role in shaping the legal landscape of India and has heard many landmark cases over the years. One verifiable fact about the Indian High Court Act of 1861 is that it was enacted on March 26, 1861, during the reign of Queen Victoria. This act marked a significant milestone in the development of the Indian legal system and laid the foundation for the modern judiciary in India. In conclusion, the Indian High Court Act of 1861 was a pivotal piece of legislation that established the high courts in India and defined their powers and functions. It played a crucial role in shaping the legal system in India and continues to have a lasting impact on the administration of justice in the country.